(1) Find all positive integer $n$ such that for any odd integer $a$, we have $4\mid a^n-1$ (2) Find all positive integer $n$ such that for any odd integer $a$, we have $2^{2017}\mid a^n-1$
2017 China Girls Math Olympiad
Day 1
Given quadrilateral $ABCD$ such that $\angle BAD+2 \angle BCD=180 ^ \circ .$ Let $E$ be the intersection of $BD$ and the internal bisector of $\angle BAD$. The perpendicular bisector of $AE$ intersects $CB,CD$ at $X,Y,$ respectively. Prove that $A,C,X,Y$ are concyclic.
Given $a_i\ge 0,x_i\in\mathbb{R},(i=1,2,\ldots,n)$. Prove that $$((1-\sum_{i=1}^n a_i\cos x_i)^2+(1-\sum_{i=1}^n a_i\sin x_i)^2)^2\ge 4(1-\sum_{i=1}^n a_i)^3$$
Partition $\frac1{2002},\frac1{2003},\frac1{2004},\ldots,\frac{1}{2017}$ into two groups. Define $A$ the sum of the numbers in the first group, and $B$ the sum of the numbers in the second group. Find the partition such that $|A-B|$ attains it minimum and explains the reason.
Day 2
Let $0=x_0<x_1<\cdots<x_n=1$ .Find the largest real number$ C$ such that for any positive integer $ n $ , we have $$\sum_{k=1}^n x^2_k (x_k - x_{k-1})>C$$
Given a finite set $X$, two positive integers $n,k$, and a map $f:X\to X$. Define $f^{(1)}(x)=f(x),f^{(i+1)}(x)=f^{(i)}(x)$,$i=1,2,3,\ldots$. It is known that for any $x\in X$,$f^{(n)}(x)=x$. Define $m_j$ the number of $x\in X$ satisfying $f^{(j)}(x)=x$. Prove that: (1)$\frac{1}n \sum_{j=1}^n m_j\sin {\frac{2kj\pi}{n}}=0$ (2)$\frac{1}n \sum_{j=1}^n m_j\cos {\frac{2kj\pi}{n}}$ is a non-negative integer.
This is a very classical problem. Let the $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral with circumcircle $\omega_1$.Lines $AC$ and $BD$ intersect at point $E$,and lines $AD$,$BC$ intersect at point $F$.Circle $\omega_2$ is tangent to segments $EB,EC$ at points $M,N$ respectively,and intersects with circle $\omega_1$ at points $Q,R$.Lines $BC,AD$ intersect line $MN$ at $S,T$ respectively.Show that $Q,R,S,T$ are concyclic.
Let $n$ be a fixed positive integer. Let $$A=\begin{bmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots &a_{1n} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots &a_{2n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \cdots & \vdots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots &a_{nn} \end{bmatrix}\quad \text{and} \quad B=\begin{bmatrix} b_{11} & b_{12} & \cdots &b_{1n} \\ b_{21} & b_{22} & \cdots &b_{2n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \cdots & \vdots \\ b_{n1} & b_{n2} & \cdots &b_{nn} \end{bmatrix}\quad$$be two $n\times n$ tables such that $\{a_{ij}|1\le i,j\le n\}=\{b_{ij}|1\le i,j\le n\}=\{k\in N^*|1\le k\le n^2\}$. One can perform the following operation on table $A$: Choose $2$ numbers in the same row or in the same column of $A$, interchange these $2$ numbers, and leave the remaining $n^2-2$ numbers unchanged. This operation is called a transposition of $A$. Find, with proof, the smallest positive integer $m$ such that for any tables $A$ and $B$, one can perform at most $m$ transpositions such that the resulting table of $A$ is $B$.