In an alphabet of $n$ letters, is $syllable$ is any ordered pair of two (not necessarily distinct) letters. Some syllables are considered $indecent$. A $word$ is any sequence, finite or infinite, of letters, that does not contain indecent syllables. Find the least possible number of indecent syllables for which infinite words do not exist.
2024 International Zhautykov Olympiad
Circles $\Omega$ and $\Gamma$ meet at points $A$ and $B$. The line containing their centres intersects $\Omega$ and $\Gamma$ at point $P$ and $Q$, respectively, such that these points lie on same side of the line $AB$ and point $Q$ is closer to $AB$ than point $P$. The circle $\delta$ lies on the same side of the line $AB$ as $P$ and $Q$, touches the segment $AB$ at point $D$ and touches $\Gamma$ at point $T$. The line $PD$ meets $\delta$ and $\Omega$ again at points $K$ and $L$, respectively. Prove that $\angle QTK=\angle DTL$
Positive integer $d$ is not perfect square. For each positive integer $n$, let $s(n)$ denote the number of digits $1$ among the first $n$ digits in the binary representation of $\sqrt{d}$ (including the digits before the point). Prove that there exists an integer $A$ such that $s(n)>\sqrt{2n}-2$ for all integers $n\ge A$
Ten distinct positive real numbers are given and the sum of each pair is written (So 45 sums). Between these sums there are 5 equal numbers. If we calculate product of each pair, find the biggest number $k$ such that there may be $k$ equal numbers between them.
We are given $m\times n$ table tiled with $3\times 1$ stripes and we are given that $6 | mn$. Prove that there exists a tiling of the table with $2\times 1$ dominoes such that each of these stripes contains one whole domino.
Let $G$ be the centroid of triangle $ABC$. Find the biggest $\alpha$ such that there exists a triangle for which there are at least three angles among $\angle GAB, \angle GAC, \angle GBA, \angle GBC, \angle GCA, \angle GCB$ which are $\geq \alpha$.