On sides \( AB \) and \( AC \) of an acute-angled, non-isosceles triangle \( ABC \), points \( P \) and \( Q \) are chosen such that the center \( O_9 \) of the nine-point circle of \( \triangle ABC \) is the midpoint of segment \( PQ \). Let \( O \) be the circumcenter of \( \triangle ABC \). On the ray \( OP \) beyond \( P \), segment \( PX \) is marked such that \( PX = AQ \). On the ray \( OQ \) beyond \( Q \), segment \( QY \) is marked such that \( QY = AP \). Prove that the midpoint of side \( BC \), the midpoint of segment \( XY \), and the point \( O_9 \) are collinear. The nine-point circle or the Euler circle of \( \triangle ABC \) is the circle passing through nine significant points of the triangle — the midpoints of the three sides, the feet of the three altitudes, and the midpoints of the segments connecting the orthocenter with the vertices of \( \triangle ABC \). Proposed by Danylo Khilko
Problem
Source: Kyiv City MO 2025 Round 2, Problem 11.3
Tags: geometry, Euler
khina
28.01.2025 07:20
Nice problem.
Let $AHKO$ be a parallelogram. Then $APKQ$ is also a parallelogram. Notably, let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$, and $M_B$ the midpoint of $AB$; then $MM_B$ is parallel to $KP$. If $P'$ is the reflection of $P$ across $M_B$, then $OP'$ is parallel to $KP$; thus $\angle{OPA} = \angle{OP'B} = \angle{A}$. Now, since $AQ = PK$, we find that $X$ is just the reflection of $K$ across $AB$.
After this, the problem is just some vector calculations. Note that $K$ is the circumcenter of $(BHC)$; suppose $(BHC)$ intersects $AB$ again at $B'$, $AC$ again at $C'$. Then we want to show $H, K, X + Y - O$ are collinear. Since $X = B + B' - K$, $Y = C + C' - K$, we find that it suffices to show that $H, K, B' + C' - K$ are collinear. But $HB' = HA = HC'$ and $KB' = KC'$, so all three points are on the perpendicular bisector of $B'C'$ as desired.
WLOGQED1729
31.01.2025 15:35
Absolutely beautiful configuration! Congrats to the proposer!
Denote $D$ and $M$ by the midpoint of $BC,XY$,respectively.
First, we recall some basic lemmas involving nine point center.
Lemma 1 : Let $A’$ be the reflection of $A$ across $O_9$ then, $A’$ is the reflection of $O$ across $BC$.
Proof : It is well known that the radius of nine point circle is half the radius of the circumcircle. $\implies O_9D = \frac{AO}{2}$ which means $\frac{O_9D}{AO}=\frac{A’O_9}{A’A}$
It is sufficient to prove that $O_9M \parallel AO $ which can be done by angle chasing. $\qquad \square$
Lemma 2 : Let $K$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle BOC$ then, $AO_9$ and $AK$ are isogonal conjugate wrt. $\angle BAC$
Proof Perform an inversion at $A$ radius $\sqrt{\frac{bc}{2}}$ then reflect the image across the angle bisector of $\angle BAC$
We can easily see that $(BOC) \mapsto$ nine point circle, their center must be isogonal conjugate wrt. $\angle BAC$ $\qquad \square$
We’re now ready to tackle the problem.
Step 1 (parallelogram trick) Observe that the condition $O_9$ is the midpoint of $PQ$ motivates us to apply the parallelogram trick
Construct parallelogram $APA’Q$ which means that $A’$ is reflection of $A$ across $O_9$. By lemma 1, $A’$ is the reflection of $O$ across $BC$.
Consider $\angle A’OC = \frac{\angle BOC}{2}= \angle BAC = \angle A’QC$ $\implies$ $A’,O,Q,C$ are concyclic
Similarly, we can easily show that $A’,O,P,B$ are concyclic.
So, we obtain $\angle OQA=180^\circ - \angle OQC = \angle OA’C = \angle BAC $ We can prove in the same way that $\angle OPA = \angle BAC$.
Step 2 (spot similar triangles) Since $AQ=XP, QY=PA$ and $\angle AQY= \angle XPA = 180^\circ - \angle BAC$$\implies \triangle AQY \cong \triangle XPA$
Moreover, notice that $\angle APA’ = \angle YQA = 180^\circ - \angle BAC, AP=YQ$ and $PA’=QA$ $\implies \triangle A’PA \cong \triangle AQY $
Similarly, $\triangle AQA’ \cong \triangle XPA \implies $ $\triangle AQY ,\triangle XPA , \triangle AQA’$ and $\triangle A’PA $ are all congruent.
Consider isosceles triangle $AXY$ and $OBC$. By trivial angle chasing we can see that $\angle XAY = \angle BOC = 2 \angle BAC \implies \triangle AXY \sim \triangle OBC$
Step 3 (Find the spiral center) We have that $AP$ bisects $\angle XAO_9$, $AQ$ bisects $\angle YAO_9$ and $AM$ bisects $XAY$
By trivial angle chasing, we conclude that $AO_9$ and $AM$ are isogonal conjugate wrt. $\angle BAC$
Let $AM$ intersects $OA’$ at $T$. By lemma 2, we conclude that $T$ is the circumcenter of $\triangle BOC$
We now claim that $T$ is the spiral center which sends $\triangle AXY$ to $\triangle OBC$
Proof We can just show that $T$ is spiral center which sends $XA$ to $BO$ which is equivalent to showing $\triangle TBX \sim \triangle TOA$
We already have that $TB=TO$ and $BX=OA$. We’re left to show that $\angle TBX = \angle TOA$
Consider $$\angle TBX = 360^\circ - \angle XBA - \angle ABO - \angle OBT = 360^\circ - \angle ABA’ - (90^\circ - \angle ACB) - \angle BAC = 360^\circ - (\angle ABC + 90^\circ - \angle BAC ) - (90^\circ - \angle ACB) - \angle BAC = 2\angle ACB + \angle BAC = \angle TOA$$Step 4 (Finish)
Denote $\phi$ by a spiral similarity centered at $T$ which maps $\triangle AXY \mapsto \triangle OBC$
It follows that $\phi$ maps $XB \mapsto AO \mapsto CY$ $\implies \triangle TBX \sim \triangle TOA \sim \triangle TCY \qquad (\spadesuit)$
Since $D$ and $M$ are midpoints of $BC$ and $XY$, respectively. $\implies \triangle TBX \sim \triangle TDM \sim \triangle TCY \qquad (\clubsuit)$
Combine $(\spadesuit),(\clubsuit)$, we conclude that $\triangle TOA \sim \triangle TDM$
Since $T,D,O$ are collinear, we conclude that $AO \parallel MD$
Recall the fact that $O_9D \parallel AO$ $\implies O_9,M,D$ are collinear $\qquad \blacksquare$
Attachments:
