Problem

Source: 44th International Tournament of Towns, Junior O-Level P5, Spring 2023

Tags: combinatorics, weights



There is a single coin on each square of a $5 \times 5$ board. All the coins look the same. Two of them are fakes and have equal weight. Genuine coins are heavier than fake ones and also weigh the same. The fake coins are on the squares sharing just one vertice. Is it possible to determine for sure a) 13 genuine coins; b) 15 genuine coins; and c) 17 genuine coins in a single weighing on a balance with no unit weights? Rustem Zhenodarov, Alexandr Gribalko, Sergey Tokarev