Given is an equilateral triangle $ABC$ and an arbitrary point, denoted by $E$, on the line segment $BC$. Let $l$ be the line through $A$ parallel to $BC$ and let $K$ be the point on $l$ such that $KE$ is perpendicular to $BC$. The circle with centre $K$ and radius $KE$ intersects the sides $AB$ and $AC$ at $M$ and $N$, respectively. The line perpendicular to $AB$ at $M$ intersects $l$ at $D$, and the line perpendicular to $AC$ at $N$ intersects $l$ at $F$. Show that the point of intersection of the angle bisectors of angles $MDA$ and $NFA$ belongs to the line $KE$.
Problem
Source: JBMO Shortlist 2022
Tags: geometry, Junior, Balkan, shortlist, concurrent
27.06.2023 06:43
The core idea (and the only idea i guess) is that $K$ lies on the bisector (external) of $\angle{BAC}$. This is well-known but its proof is short so anyways... define $N'$ to be the second intersection of $(MKA)$. Thus, by the angles formed, we obtain $MK = N'K$ so we've proved that $N' = N$. Thus let $A'$ be the diametrically oposed to $A$ wrt. $(AMN)$. Hence $A'K \perp KA$ which means $K, E, A'$ are collinear but also $\angle{MA'K} = \angle{KA'N}$. So $A'D = A'F$ and the conclusion follows. P. S. This indeed shows that the fact of drawing the circle centered at $K$ with radius $KE$ is not needed, we just used $E$ to say that $KE$ is perpendicular to $BC$.
27.06.2023 12:02
We have the following main Claim. Claim: Triangle $KMN$ is equilateral. Proof: Note that $2R_{AKM}=\dfrac{KM}{\sin \angle KAM}=\dfrac{KN}{\sin \angle KAN}=2R_{AKN},$ hence triangles $AKM$ and $AKN$ have the same circumradious, therefore $K \in (AMN),$ which implies that $\angle MKN=\angle MAN=60^\circ,$ as desired $\blacksquare$ Now, let $DM,FN$ intersect at point $S$. Then, $\angle AMS=\angle ANS=90^\circ,$ hence $S \in (AMN)$. Thus, $\angle AKS=90^\circ=\angle AKE,$ implying that points $K,E,S$ are collinear. Now the finish is trivial, as triangle $DFS$ is isosceles ($\angle KSD=\angle KSM=\angle KNM=\angle KMN=\angle KSN=\angle KSF$), and $SK$ is its $S-$ altitude.