Find values of the parameter $u$ for which the expression \[y = \frac{ \tan(x-u) + \tan(x) + \tan(x+u)}{ \tan(x-u)\tan(x)\tan(x+u)}\] does not depend on $x.$
Problem
Source: IMO LongList 1967, Italy 4
Tags: parameterization, calculus, trigonometry, algebra, Trigonometric Identities, IMO Longlist
07.08.2009 02:34
Basically what we need to do is to derivate $ y(x,u)$ in terms of $ x$ and find $ u$ for which the derivative cancels. Before we do that, using the addition formula for tangents, we reduce the expression to the form \[ y = \frac 12 \cdot \frac { \cos { 2u} + 3 \cos {2x} + 2 }{ \sin (x-u) \sin (x+u) } .\] Now we can derivate easily, and obtain the equation \begin{align*} \cos 2 u \cot(u-x)+3 \cos 2x \cot(u-x)-\cos 2u\cot(u+x) & \\ -3 \cos 2x \cot (u+x)-6 \sin 2x & = 0. \end{align*} Via Wolfram, we get that the solutions we need are $ u = \dfrac 14 (4\pi k \pm \pi)$, where $ k\in \mathbb Z$.
07.08.2009 08:29
i don't know if i'm mistaken, but i obtained that it was $ k\pi\pm\frac {\pi}{3}$, for integers $ k$.... i got also that $ y = \dfrac{3\cos 2x + \cos 2u + 2}{\cos 2u - \cos 2x} = - 3 + \dfrac{2 + 4\cos 2u}{\cos 2u - \cos 2x}$... so for the expression not to depend on $ x$ we should have that $ 2 + 4\cos 2u = 0$, which implies that $ u = k\pi\pm\frac {\pi}{3}$
07.08.2009 14:08
60 degree.
07.08.2009 16:02
I solved the given equation. y=(3cos^x - sin^u)/(sin^2x - sin^u) . Further i am not able simplify it for solution. Could some one please help me to simplify it. Pardon me for my ignorance as this is my first post and i don't know the rules of the forum. Thank you
07.08.2009 23:37
campos, you're right, your approach is nicer than mine (I failed to see the denominator transformation). Seems your solution is correct. There might have been a typo with wolfram