Let $n$ be a natural composite number. For each proper divisor $d$ of $n$ we write the number $d + 1$ on the board. Determine all natural numbers $n$ for which the numbers written on the board are all the proper divisors of a natural number $m$. (The proper divisors of a natural number $a> 1$ are the positive divisors of $a$ different from $1$ and $a$.)
Suppose that $( n,m)$ satisfies the condition.
Note that the least proper divisor is always prime number.
Let $q$ be the least proper divisor of $n$.
Then $q+1$ is the least proper divisor of $m$.
In particular, both $q$ and $q+1$ are prime numbers, which implies $q=2$.
Since $n/2$ is the largest proper divisor of $n$, $n/2+1$ is the largest proper divisor of $m$.
So we have $n/2+1=m/3$.
Since $2\nmid m$, we must have $4\mid n$.
So we can take $k\in \mathbb{N}$ such that $n=4k$.
Thus we have $m=3( 2k+1)$.
If $k=1$, then $( n,m) =( 4,9)$, which satisfies the condition indeed.
Suppose that $k\geq 2$.
Since $k$ is a proper divisor of $n$, we have $k+1\mid 3( 2k+1)$.
It follows that $k=2$, which implies $n=8$.
We can verify that $( n,m) =( 8,15)$ satisfies the condition indeed.
Hence the answer is $n=4,8$.