IMONST = International Mathematical Olympiad National Selection Test Malaysia 2021 Round 1 Juniors

Part A (1 point each) p1. Adam draws $7$ circles on a paper, with radii $ 1$ cm, $2$ cm, $3$ cm, $4$ cm, $5$ cm, $6$ cm, and $7$ cm. The circles do not intersect each other. He colors some circles completely red, and the rest of the circles completely blue. What is the minimum possible difference (in cm$^2$) between the total area of the red circles and the total area of the blue circles? p2. The number $2021$ has a special property that the sum of any two neighboring digits in the number is a prime number ($2 + 0 = 2$, $0 + 2 = 2$, and $2 + 1 = 3$ are all prime numbers). Among numbers from $2021$ to $2041$, how many of them have this property? p3. Clarissa opens a pet shop that sells three types of pets: goldshes, hamsters, and parrots. The pets inside the shop together have a total of $14$ wings, $24$ heads, and $62$ legs. How many goldshes are there inside Clarissa's shop? p4. A positive integer $n$ is called special if $n$ is divisible by $4$, $n+1$ is divisible by $5$, and $n + 2$ is divisible by $6$. How many special integers smaller than $1000$ are there? p5. Suppose that this decade begins on $ 1$ January $2020$ (which is a Wednesday) and the next decade begins on $ 1$ January $2030$. How many Wednesdays are there in this decade? Part B (2 points each) p6. Given an isosceles triangle $ABC$ with $AB = AC$. Let D be a point on $AB$ such that $CD$ is the bisector of $\angle ACB$. If $CB = CD$, what is $\angle ADC$, in degrees? p7. Determine the number of isosceles triangles with the following properties: all the sides have integer lengths (in cm), and the longest side has length $21$ cm. p8. Haz marks $k$ points on the circumference of a circle. He connects every point to every other point with straight lines. If there are $210$ lines formed, what is $k$? p9. What is the smallest positive multiple of $24$ that can be written using digits $4$ and $5$ only? p10. In a mathematical competition, there are $2021$ participants. Gold, silver, and bronze medals are awarded to the winners as follows: (i) the number of silver medals is at least twice the number of gold medals, (ii) the number of bronze medals is at least twice the number of silver medals, (iii) the number of all medals is not more than $40\%$ of the number of participants. The competition director wants to maximize the number of gold medals to be awarded based on the given conditions. In this case, what is the maximum number of bronze medals that can be awarded? Part C (3 points each) p11. Dinesh has several squares and regular pentagons, all with side length $ 1$. He wants to arrange the shapes alternately to form a closed loop (see diagram). How many pentagons would Dinesh need to do so? p12. If $x +\frac{1}{x} = 5$, what is the value of $x^3 +\frac{1}{x^3} $ ? p13. There are $10$ girls in a class, all with different heights. They want to form a queue so that no girl stands directly between two girls shorter than her. How many ways are there to form the queue? p14. The two diagonals of a rhombus have lengths with ratio $3 : 4$ and sum $56$. What is the perimeter of the rhombus? p15. How many integers $n$ (with $1 \le n \le 2021$) have the property that $8n + 1$ is a perfect square? Part D (4 points each) p16. Given a segment of a circle, consisting of a straight edge and an arc. The length of the straight edge is $24$. The length between the midpoint of the straight edge and the midpoint of the arc is $6$. Find the radius of the circle. p17. Sofia has forgotten the passcode of her phone. She only remembers that it has four digits and that the product of its digits is $18$. How many passcodes satisfy these conditions? p18. A tree grows in the following manner. On the first day, one branch grows out of the ground. On the second day, a leaf grows on the branch and the branch tip splits up into two new branches. On each subsequent day, a new leaf grows on every existing branch, and each branch tip splits up into two new branches. How many leaves does the tree have at the end of the tenth day? p19. Find the sum of (decimal) digits of the number $(10^{2021} + 2021)^2$? p20. Determine the number of integer solutions $(x, y, z)$, with $0 \le x, y, z \le 100$, for the equation$$(x - y)^2 + (y + z)^2 = (x + y)^2 + (y - z)^2.$$