2011 APMO

1

Let $a,b,c$ be positive integers. Prove that it is impossible to have all of the three numbers $a^2+b+c,b^2+c+a,c^2+a+b$ to be perfect squares.

2

Five points $A_1,A_2,A_3,A_4,A_5$ lie on a plane in such a way that no three among them lie on a same straight line. Determine the maximum possible value that the minimum value for the angles $\angle A_iA_jA_k$ can take where $i, j, k$ are distinct integers between $1$ and $5$.

3

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $\angle BAC=30^{\circ}$. The internal and external angle bisectors of $\angle ABC$ meet the line $AC$ at $B_1$ and $B_2$, respectively, and the internal and external angle bisectors of $\angle ACB$ meet the line $AB$ at $C_1$ and $C_2$, respectively. Suppose that the circles with diameters $B_1B_2$ and $C_1C_2$ meet inside the triangle $ABC$ at point $P$. Prove that $\angle BPC=90^{\circ}$ .

4

Let $n$ be a fixed positive odd integer. Take $m+2$ distinct points $P_0,P_1,\ldots ,P_{m+1}$ (where $m$ is a non-negative integer) on the coordinate plane in such a way that the following three conditions are satisfied: 1) $P_0=(0,1),P_{m+1}=(n+1,n)$, and for each integer $i,1\le i\le m$, both $x$- and $y$- coordinates of $P_i$ are integers lying in between $1$ and $n$ ($1$ and $n$ inclusive). 2) For each integer $i,0\le i\le m$, $P_iP_{i+1}$ is parallel to the $x$-axis if $i$ is even, and is parallel to the $y$-axis if $i$ is odd. 3) For each pair $i,j$ with $0\le i<j\le m$, line segments $P_iP_{i+1}$ and $P_jP_{j+1}$ share at most $1$ point. Determine the maximum possible value that $m$ can take.

5

Determine all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where $\mathbb{R}$ is the set of all real numbers, satisfying the following two conditions: 1) There exists a real number $M$ such that for every real number $x,f(x)<M$ is satisfied. 2) For every pair of real numbers $x$ and $y$, \[ f(xf(y))+yf(x)=xf(y)+f(xy)\] is satisfied.