2021 Swedish Mathematical Competition

1

In a triangle, both the sides and the angles form arithmetic sequences. Determine the angles of the triangle.

2

Anna is out shopping for fruit. She observes that four oranges, three bananas and one lemon costs exactly the same as three oranges and two lemons (all prices are in whole kroner). Just then her friend Bengt calls, and Anna tells this to him. Bengt complains, that ''information is not enough for me to know how much each fruit costs''. ''No'', says Anna,' 'but three oranges and two lemons cost as many kroner as your mother is old''. Unfortunately, it's not enough either, but if she had been younger then the information would have been sufficient for you to be able to figure out what the fruits costs. How old is Bengt's mother?

3

Four coins are laid out on a table so that they form the corners of a square. One move consists of tipping one of the coins by letting it jump over one of the others the coin so that it ends up on the directly opposite side of the other coin, the same distance from as it was before the move was made. Is it possible to make a number of moves so that the coins ends up in the corners of a square with a different side length than the original square?

4

Give examples of a function $f : R \to R$ that satisfies $0 < f(x) < f(x + f(x)) <\sqrt2 x$, for all positive $x$, and show that there is no function $f : R \to R$ that satisfies $x < f(x + f(x)) <\sqrt2 f(x)$, for all positive $x$.

5

Let $ n$ be a positive integer congruent to $1$ modulo $4$. Xantippa has a bag of $n + 1$ balls numbered from $ 0$ to $n$. She draws a ball (randomly, equally distributed) from the bag and reads its number: $k$, say. She keeps the ball and then picks up another $k$ balls from the bag (randomly, equally distributed, without repossession). Finally, she adds up the numbers of all the $k + 1$ balls she picked up. What is the probability that the sum will be odd?

6

Find the largest positive integer that cannot be written in the form $a + bc$ for some positive integers $a, b, c$, satisfying $a < b < c$.