If positive real numbers $x,y,z$ satisfies $x+y+z=3,$ prove that $$\sum_{\text{cyc}} y^2z^2<3+\sum_{\text{cyc}} yz.$$ Proposed by Li4 and Untro368.
2022-IMOC
Algebra
Given positive integer $n>2,$ consider real numbers $a_1,a_2,\dots, a_n$ satisfying $a^{2}_1+a^2_2+\dots a^2_n=1.$ Find the maximal value of $$|a_1-a_2|+|a_2-a_3| +\dots +|a_n-a_1|.$$Proposed by ltf0501
Find all functions $f:\mathbb R\to \mathbb R$ such that $$xy(f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y))=2f(xy)$$for all $x,y\in \mathbb R.$ Proposed by USJL
Let the set of all bijective functions taking positive integers to positive integers be $\mathcal B.$ Find all functions $\mathbf F:\mathcal B\to \mathbb R$ such that $$(\mathbf F(p)+\mathbf F(q))^2=\mathbf F(p \circ p)+\mathbf F(p\circ q)+\mathbf F(q\circ p)+\mathbf F(q\circ q)$$for all $p,q \in \mathcal B.$ Proposed by ckliao914
Find all functions $f:\mathbb R\to \mathbb R$ such that \begin{align*} \left (x \left (f(x)-\dfrac{f(y)+f(z)}{2} \right) +y \left (f(y)-\dfrac{f(z)+f(x)}{2} \right ) +z\left (f(z)- \dfrac{f(x)+f(y)}{2} \right) \right )f(x+y+z)= \\ f(x^3)+f(y^3)+f(z^3)-3f(xyz) \end{align*}for all $x,y,z\in \mathbb R.$
Find all functions $f:\mathbb R^+\to \mathbb R^+$ such that $$f(x+y)f(f(x))=f(1+yf(x))$$for all $x,y\in \mathbb R^+.$ Proposed by Ming Hsiao
Combinatorics
Given a positive integer $k$, a pigeon and a seagull play a game on an $n\times n$ board. The pigeon goes first, and they take turns doing the operations. The pigeon will choose $m$ grids and lay an egg in each grid he chooses. The seagull will choose a $k\times k$ grids and eat all the eggs inside them. If at any point every grid in the $n\times n $ board has an egg in it, then the pigeon wins. Else, the seagull wins. For every integer $n\geq k$, find all $m$ such that the pigeon wins. Proposed by amano_hina
There are $2022$ stones on a table. At the start of the game, Teacher Tseng will choose a positive integer $m$ and let Ming and LTF play a game. LTF is the first to move, and he can remove at most $m$ stones on his round. Then the two people take turns removing stone, each round they must remove at least one stone, and they cannot remove more than twice the amount of stones the last person removed. The player unable to move loses. Find the smallest positive integer $m$ such that LTF has a winning strategy. Proposed by ltf0501
There are three types of piece shown as below. Today Alice wants to cover a $100 \times 101$ board with these pieces without gaps and overlaps. Determine the minimum number of $1\times 1$ pieces should be used to cover the whole board and not exceed the board. (There are an infinite number of these three types of pieces.) [asy][asy] size(9cm,0); defaultpen(fontsize(12pt)); draw((9,10) -- (59,10) -- (59,60) -- (9,60) -- cycle); draw((59,10) -- (109,10) -- (109,60) -- (59,60) -- cycle); draw((9,60) -- (59,60) -- (59,110) -- (9,110) -- cycle); draw((9,110) -- (59,110) -- (59,160) -- (9,160) -- cycle); draw((109,10) -- (159,10) -- (159,60) -- (109,60) -- cycle); draw((180,11) -- (230,11) -- (230,61) -- (180,61) -- cycle); draw((180,61) -- (230,61) -- (230,111) -- (180,111) -- cycle); draw((230,11) -- (280,11) -- (280,61) -- (230,61) -- cycle); draw((230,61) -- (280,61) -- (280,111) -- (230,111) -- cycle); draw((280,11) -- (330,11) -- (330,61) -- (280,61) -- cycle); draw((280,61) -- (330,61) -- (330,111) -- (280,111) -- cycle); draw((330,11) -- (380,11) -- (380,61) -- (330,61) -- cycle); draw((330,61) -- (380,61) -- (380,111) -- (330,111) -- cycle); draw((401,11) -- (451,11) -- (451,61) -- (401,61) -- cycle); [/asy][/asy] Proposed by amano_hina
Let $N$ be a given positive integer. Consider a permutation of $1,2,3,\cdots,N$, denoted as $p_1,p_2,\cdots,p_N$. For a section $p_l, p_{l+1},\cdots, p_r$, we call it "extreme" if $p_l$ and $p_r$ are the maximum and minimum value of that section. We say a permutation $p_1,p_2,\cdots,p_N$ is "super balanced" if there isn't an "extreme" section with a length at least $3$. For example, $1,4,2,3$ is "super balanced", but $3,1,2,4$ isn't. Please answer the following questions: 1. How many "super balanced" permutations are there? 2. For each integer $M\leq N$. How many "super balanced" permutations are there such that $p_1=M$? Proposed by ltf0501
Define a "ternary sequence" is a sequence that every number is $0,1$ or $2$. ternary sequence $(x_1,x_2,x_3,\cdots,x_n)$, define its difference to be $$(|x_1-x_2|,|x_2-x_3|,\cdots,|x_{n-1}-x_n|)$$A difference will make the length of the sequence decrease by $1$, so we define the "feature value" of a ternary sequence with length $n$ is the number left after $n-1$ differences. How many ternary sequences has length $2023$ and feature value $0$? Proposed by CSJL
Let $k\geq4$ be an integer. Sunny and Ming play a game with strings. A string is a sequence that every element of it is an integer between $1$ and $k$, inclusive. At first, Sunny chooses two positive integers $N,L\geq2$ and write down $N$ strings, each having length $L$. Then Ming mark at most $\frac{N}{2}$ strings. Then Sunny chooses an unmarked string $s$ and calculate the biggest integer $n$ such that there exists another string satisfying its first $n$ element is the same as the first $n$ element of $s$. Then Sunny burn down all strings which first $n$ element if different from the first $n$ element of $s$, leaving only the ones which have the same first $n$ element of $s$. Finally, Ming chooses an integer $d$ between $1$ and $k$, inclusive, and remove all strings which $(n+1)$th element is $d$. Sunny's score would be the number of strings left. Find the maximum score that Sunny can guarantee to get. Proposed by USJL
Geometry
The circumcenter and orthocenter of $ABC$ are $O$ and $H$, respectively. Let $XACH$ be a parallelogram. Show that if $OH$ is parallel to $BC$, then $OX$ and $AB$ intersect at some point on the perpendicular bisector of $AH$. proposed by USJL
The incenter of triangle $ABC$ is $ I$. the circumcircle of $ABC$ is tangent to $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ at $T, E, F$. $R$ is a point on $BC$ . Let the $C$-excenter of $\vartriangle CER$ be $L$. Prove that points $L,T,F$ are collinear if and only if $B,E,A,R$ are concyclic. proposed by kyou46
Let $\vartriangle ABC$ be an acute triangle. $R$ is a point on arc $BC$. Choose two points $P, Q$ on $AR$ such that $B,P,C,Q$ are concyclic. Let the second intersection of $BP$, $CP$, $BQ$, $CQ$ and the circumcircle of $\vartriangle ABC$ is $P_B$, $P_C$, $Q_B$, $Q_C$, respectively. Let the circumcenter of $\vartriangle P P_BP_C$ and $\vartriangle QQ_BQ_C$ are $O_P$ and $O_Q$, respectively. Prove that $A,O_P,O_Q,R$ are concylic. proposed by andychang
Let $\vartriangle ABC$ be an acute triangle with circumcircle $\Omega$. A line passing through $A$ perpendicular to $BC$ meets $\Omega$ again at $D$. Draw two circles $\omega_b$, $\omega_c$ with $B, C$ as centers and $BD$, $CD$ as radii, respectively, and they intersect $AB$, $AC$ at $E, F,$ respectively. Let $K\ne A$ be the second intersection of $(AEF)$ and $\Omega$, and let $\omega_b$, $\omega_c$ intersect $KB$, $KC$ at $P, Q$, respectively. The circumcenter of triangle $DP Q$ is $O$, prove that $K, O, D$ are collinear. proposed by Li4
$P$ is a point inside $ABC$. $BP$, $CP$ intersect $AC, AB$ at $E, F$, respectively. $AP$ intersect $\odot (ABC)$ again at X. $\odot (ABC)$ and $\odot (AEF)$ intersect again at $S$. $T$ is a point on $BC$ such that $P T \parallel EF$. Prove that $\odot (ST X)$ passes through the midpoint of $BC$. proposed by chengbilly
Let $D$ be a point on the circumcircle of some triangle $ABC$. Let $E, F$ be points on $AC$, $AB$, respectively, such that $A,D,E,F$ are concyclic. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. Show that if $DM$, $BE$, $CF$ are concurrent, then either $BE \cap CF$ is on the circle $ADEF$, or $EF$ is parallel to $BC$. proposed by USJL
Number Theory
Find all positive integer $n$ such that for all $i=1,2,\cdots,n$, $\frac{n!}{i!(n-i+1)!}$ is an integer. Proposed by ckliao914
For a positive integer $n$, define $f(x)$ to be the smallest positive integer $x$ satisfying the following conditions: there exists a positive integer $k$ and $k$ distinct positive integers $n=a_0<a_1<a_2<\cdots<a_{k-1}=x$ such that $a_0a_1\cdots a_{k-1}$ is a perfect square. Find the smallest real number $c$ such that there exists a positive integer $N$ such that for all $n>N$ we have $f(n)\leq cn$. Proposed by Fysty and amano_hina
Find all positive integer $n$ satifying $$2n+3|n!-1$$ Proposed by ltf0501
Find all pair of positive integers $(m,n)$ such that $$mn(m^2+6mn+n^2)$$is a perfect square. Proposed by Li4 and Untro368
Find all solution $(p,r)$ of the "Pythagorean-Euler Theorem" $$p^p+(p+1)^p+\cdots+(p+r)^p=(p+r+1)^p$$Where $p$ is a prime and $r$ is a positive integer. Proposed by Li4 and Untro368
Find all integer coefficient polynomial $P(x)$ such that for all positive integer $x$, we have $$\tau(P(x))\geq\tau(x)$$Where $\tau(n)$ denotes the number of divisors of $n$. Define $\tau(0)=\infty$. Note: you can use this conclusion. For all $\epsilon\geq0$, there exists a positive constant $C_\epsilon$ such that for all positive integer $n$, the $n$th smallest prime is at most $C_\epsilon n^{1+\epsilon}$. Proposed by USJL